ICAO airport codes do not begin with I or J or X or Q, though the Jezero Crater on Mars is assigned the special ICAO code JZRO. As an example, Kahului Airport on Maui has an IATA code of OGG and an ICAO code of PHOG. This similarity does not extend to Alaska (PAxx), Hawaii (PHxx), or US territories. In the contiguous United States and Canada, many airports have ICAO codes that are simply copies of their three-letter IATA codes, with the geographical prefix added on (e.g., YEG and CYEG both refer to Edmonton International Airport, while IAD and KIAD both refer to Washington Dulles International Airport). Jerusalem International Airport was assigned both LLJR (its Israeli persona) as well as OJJR (its Jordanian persona), but the airport itself fell into disuse. Kosovo is assigned the code BKxx grouping it with Greenland and Iceland rather than its geographical neighbors which have Lxxx (described below). Similarly Saint Pierre and Miquelon is controlled by France, and airports there are assigned LFxx as though they were in Europe. For example, the RAF Mount Pleasant air base in the Falkland Islands is assigned the ICAO code EGYP as though it were in the United Kingdom, but nearby civilian Port Stanley Airport is assigned SFAL, consistent with South America. There are a few exceptions to the regional structure of the ICAO code made for political or administrative reasons. Piper Memorial Airport in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania in the United States). On the other hand, knowing that the IATA code for Heathrow is LHR does not enable one to deduce the location of the airport LHV with any greater certainty (it is William T. For example, if one knows that the ICAO code for Heathrow is EGLL, then one can deduce that the airport EGGP is somewhere in the UK (it is Liverpool John Lennon Airport). Typically, the first one or two letters of the ICAO code indicate the country and the remaining letters identify the airport, as indicated by the adjoining figures. Any correspondence between subnational regions and second letter is also indicated. Structure Map of world regions classified according to the first letter of the ICAO airport code Map of countries classified according to the ICAO airport code prefix. The selection of ICAO codes is partly delegated to authorities in each country, while IATA codes which have no geographic structure must be decided centrally by IATA. Far more aerodromes (in the broad sense) have ICAO codes than IATA codes, which are sometimes assigned to railway stations as well. In general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed by region and country. IATA codes are commonly seen by passengers and the general public on flight-tracking services such as FlightAware. For example, the IATA code for London's Heathrow Airport is LHR and its ICAO code is EGLL. ICAO codes are separate and different from IATA codes, which are generally used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage tags. The International Civil Aviation Organization was formed in 1947 under the auspices of the United Nations, and it established flight information regions ( FIRs) for controlling air traffic and making airport identification simple and clear. Flight information regions are also identified by a unique ICAO-code. ICAO codes are also used to identify other aviation facilities such as weather stations, international flight service stations or area control centers, whether or not they are located at airports. These codes, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization and published in ICAO Document 7910: Location Indicators, are used by air traffic control and airline operations such as flight planning. The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a four-letter code designating aerodromes around the world. Not to be confused with IATA airport code.
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